e-Legislation
“管理” “監督” “所轄”
28 Jan, 2016 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support legislation work. How to use law terms are clearly decided, but in some cases, it is hard to judge which term should be used. Regarding how to use “管理,” “監督” and “所轄,” “法令用語の常識” (written by Shuzo Hayashi and published by Nippon Hyoron Sha Co., Ltd.) makes an explanation like the following: — The three terms of “管理,” “監督” and “所轄” are used to show strength and weakness of the relationships between the upper administrative organ and the lower administrative organ. — How to …
Laws Composed of Provisions without Paragraph Number
21 Jan, 2016 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentData conversionMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to imporve the efficiency of legislation work. When reading the sentences of a law, you see the numbers given to the start of the sentences of the articles, paragraphs and items respectively. Article: 第一条 Paragraph: ２ Item: 一 However, there are some old Japanese laws which do not have the paragraph numbers. In some law databases and books, regardless of the expressions in the official gazettes, the paragraph numbers are given as a reference to make it easy to read these sentences. In these cases, …
Supplementary Provisions Consisting of Articles
18 Jan, 2016 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support legislation work. The document structure of the laws and the ordinences are composed of the main provisions and the supplementary provisions. In these days, most of the main provisions consist of the articles. Regarding the supplementary provisions, “法制執務提要新版” (published in 1957) explains whether you should write them using articles or paragraphs like the following: — If you use only paragraphs for the supplementary provisions, the supplementary provisons has to be compoesed of a lot of paragraphs and even if the provisions have the …
Searching How to Use Terms in Laws
16 Jan, 2016 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support legislation work. I think the staffs in charge of legislation work often search the existing laws to understand how to use the terms and use the proper expressions to make a new porvision as a reference in legislation work. In this process, many of them use e-Gov or the law database provided by the publishing companies regarding the laws to find a law including the similar expression to the new provision. They sometimes make a collection of the examples as a reference for …
Comparative Table of Prior and Amended Article Provisions
12 Jan, 2016 e-LegislationMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support legislation work. When the laws and ordinances are amended, the amendment laws (ordinances) providing the provisions including the contents of the amendment are made. To clearly show the provions about the amendment, the comparative table of the prior and amended article provisions with the amended points underlined are often made as a reference. To make the comparative table is very hard since the staffs layout them in form of comparative table including the necessary provisions using a word processing software and underline the …
Expression of Numeral in Law
26 Dec, 2015 e-LegislationMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support legislation work. Many numerals are used in laws. There are some rules to express these numerals using Chinese characters. — “法制執務提要” explains these rules like the following: Since you are very likely to misprint, misread and wrongly enter the numerals, you should write them exactly as they are pronounced. Especially, this is true of the numerals used for the numbers, article numbers and paragraph numbers of laws. e.g. 三, 十, 五十一, 百七十五, 千, 四千七百九, 一万八千六百, 二億五千万 — Since the numerals are written based …
Translating University Regulations in English
24 Dec, 2015 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentData conversionMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. translates the regulations and the admission guide of the universities and builds a database of them. The university regulations are the documents composed of Articles like the laws and ordinances and the translation of them should be conducted in accordance with a given rule. If a university has some rules about translation of the documents, it is best to do the translation work in accordance with the ruels. If a university does not have these rules, it is better to translate the documents based on the dictionary of Japanese Law Translation System …
Kana Pronouncing in Laws
23 Dec, 2015 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support the legislation work. There are some provisions of laws where kana pronouncing was given on kanji to correctly tell the contents. The kana pronouncing is written in big letters even in case of contracted sounds and double consonants. In old laws, all the contracted sounds and double consonants were written in big letters, but after 114th ordinary session of the Diet in 1988, they are written in small letters excluding kana pronouncing. Incidentally, when these old laws are amended, big letters remains even …
Policy to Amend Law Terms
21 Dec, 2015 e-LegislationSystem DevelopmentMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops and provides several types of tools and systems to support the legislation work. There are rules about the terms used in the laws and the provisons are made based on these rules. In November, 1954, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau notified each authority of the gist of the amendment of terms of laws”法令用語の改正の方針“. According to this gist, the similar words, homonyms and unintelligible words are replaced with user-friendly words. The examples of these words are “委棄” and “戎示”. In this gist, there are some questions and answers, and the answer about old …
“例とする。” and “例による。”
17 Dec, 2015 e-LegislationMessages from President
Systems Development Corporation in Tachikawa, Tokyo CONPHIC Co., Ltd. Thank you for visiting our blog. CONPHIC Co., Ltd. develops several types of tools and systems to support the legislation work. There are clear rules about the terms used in the laws. I have introduced some of these rules in this blog. I explain how to use “例とする。” and “例による。” today. “例とする。” is used when there is a natural method to do something but an exception can be acceptable if there are reasonable grounds. “例による。” is used when something is applied to a case. This is almost the same as “準用する。”. By applying a provision of a law to another provision, …
